Introduction
The Islamic vision of humanity requires a comparative and hermeneutic analysis that accounts for both revealed text and tradition. This article explores this perspective, from the metaphysics of tawhid (unity), through the anthropology of fitra (primordial nature) and the dignity of khalifa (vicegerency), to the role of reason and speech. Central to this view is the dual nature of the human being: created from clay yet endowed with the divine breath. The key idea of fitra defines the human as a being striving for harmony, for whom revelation serves as an essential reminder of their true identity.
Fitra: Primordial Nature as the Foundation of Anthropology
The foundation of Islamic anthropology is fitra—an innate disposition toward goodness and God. Islam does not recognize the concept of original sin; the source of alienation is ghafla (forgetfulness). Religion thus functions as anamnesis, restoring awareness of the primordial covenant.
Khalifa: Man as God's Vicegerent on Earth
The category of khalifa defines the human being as God's "deputy" or vicegerent. Although Islam strictly guards transcendence (tanzih), the human is a "locus of theophany" in which the divine names are reflected. This