The Sacred and the Profane in the Digital Age: From Eliade to Algorithms

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The Sacred and the Profane in the Digital Age: From Eliade to Algorithms

Digital Rituals and the Technological Mysterium Tremendum

Daily life online is a dense web of practices that are acquiring a quasi-religious dimension. The morning check of notifications resembles a prayer, while scrolling through information feeds becomes a procession in search of meaning. These digital rituals are repetitive and understood by the community, manifesting meanings that transcend pure functionality. Technology realizes Rudolf Otto’s concept of mysterium tremendum et fascinans: on one hand, it fascinates with promises of omnipotence and immortality (transhumanism); on the other, it evokes fear of surveillance and loss of control. Consequently, the discourse on artificial intelligence adopts an apocalyptic structure, filled with prophecies of either salvation or the destruction of humanity.

Technophany, Space, and Algorithmic Time

Mircea Eliade defined hierophany as the manifestation of the sacred within the profane world. Today, its place is being taken by technophany—moments when technology (e.g., the launch of a new AI or space flights) reveals itself as an autonomous force. The difference is fundamental: hierophany points toward transcendence, while technophany points toward human creation, which we perceive as "wholly other." The perception of time and space is also changing. Algorithmic time is an eternal "now" that deconstructs cyclical sacred time, confining the user within the immanence of the moment without the promise of eternity. Traditional, communal sacred space is giving way to the network and smartphones—private sanctuaries where everyone performs their own individualized liturgy.

Homo Digitalis and the Evolution of the Sacred

Modern homo digitalis is an evolutionary continuation of the homo religiosus figure. While the latter saw the world as a web of divine signs, the digital human navigates a world of algorithms, existing in a state of permanent liminality—suspended between reality and virtuality. This process is the result of a long evolution: from Max Weber’s Enlightenment "disenchantment of the world," through the Romantic sacralization of nature, to the Nietzschean death of God. Today, the sacred does not disappear but adapts to new stages. The Third Sphere becomes a place where metaphysical questions intertwine with everyday life, protecting us from nihilism and the trivialization of reality by imbuing technology and science with deeper, meaning-making significance.

Provisio: Political Rituals and Market Simulations

The category of provisio serves a diagnostic function, allowing us to distinguish the authentic sacred from its simulacra. In the market sphere, it exposes situations where marketing simulates religious experience, casting influencers as prophets and product launches as revelations. Provisio is also applied in the analysis of political rituals (inaugurations, national holidays), examining whether they build a real community of values or are merely a media spectacle. In the legal dimension, the sacred manifests in non-negotiable values, such as human dignity. The sacralization of these goods establishes immunization thresholds that the law must guard against utilitarian cost-benefit analyses, preventing the reduction of the human being to the role of a resource.

The Third Sphere: A Barrier Against Nihilism

The sacred and the profane are no longer separate worlds; their boundary has become fluid and decentralized. In an era of desacralization, humans still need points of orientation and the experience of "something more." Provisio acts here as an authenticity filter, helping to distinguish transformative rituals from the empty choreographies of the digital spectacle. The Third Sphere offers a way out of the dilemma between naive faith and cynical relativism. It allows for the building of community and meaning in a world where technology, politics, and law must redefine their sacred foundations to protect human subjectivity from the nihilism of algorithmic daily life.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How does technophany differ from traditional hierophany?
Hierophany refers to transcendence and the divine cosmic order, while technophany points to humanity and its creations. Despite its human origins, technophany is experienced as a powerful, autonomous force transcending its creator.
Why does the discourse on artificial intelligence take on religious forms?
Human consciousness, when confronted with the idea of the absolute, omniscience and unlimited power of AI, cannot think otherwise than in religious categories, which results in prophecies of salvation or technological apocalypse.
What is “algorithmic time” in digital culture?
This is an eternal "now," in which past and future are flattened into a constantly updating stream of data. Unlike sacred time, it does not open onto eternity, but rather encloses it in the immanence of the moment.
What role does the smartphone play in the new structure of the sacred?
The smartphone becomes a personal chapel and private sanctuary – a decentralized axis mundi in which each user celebrates their own, individualized liturgy of everyday life through the interface.
What is the manifestation of the state of permanent liminality of homo digitalis?
It manifests itself as a suspension in the waiting phase, for example, through endless scrolling without the promise of final closure, purification, or transformation offered by traditional rites of passage.
How does the “provisio” tool help evaluate contemporary culture?
It acts as a diagnostic filter and epistemic hygiene, allowing us to distinguish authentic, meaning-creating experiences from purely performative media spectacles and marketing stagings pretending to be sacred.

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Tags: Sacred and profane Algorithms Technophany Hierophany Homo digitalis Mysterium tremendum et fascinans Numinosum Algorithmic time Simulacrum Provisio Liminality Artificial intelligence Axis mundi Digital rituals Technological eschatology