Scruton and Modernity: Culture as Knowledge of Purposes

🇵🇱 Polski
Scruton and Modernity: Culture as Knowledge of Purposes

Introduction

Modernity is not just technology, but a specific normative environment severely lacking "knowledge of purpose"—a map of goals for human emotions. Roger Scruton posits that in a "post-religious" world, it is high culture that restores the experience of "home," making reality morally legible. This article analyzes how high culture organizes our feelings and why it is essential for the survival of the community. Readers will learn how the Enlightenment changed our perception of bonds and why beauty is the foundation of ethical order, rather than just an aesthetic addition.

High Culture: Depository of the Sacred in a World Without God

The Enlightenment replaced sacred ritual with rational discourse and contract. While it brought autonomy, it weakened communal bonds, shifting the function of culture from integrative to critical. Roger Scruton notes that in a secularized world, high culture takes on the role of worship. It provides "knowledge of purpose"—a normative compass for the heart. Through it, we respond to the world not by reflex, but by virtue. High culture allows civilization to rise to self-awareness, making the world morally legible and habitable. It is a depository of the sacred that teaches us to live as if our actions had eternal significance.

The Culture of Repudiation: Hatred of Western Heritage

Romanticism and Modernism attempted to replace religion with a "secular liturgy" of art. However, the contemporary culture of repudiation, drawing from the thought of Nietzsche, Foucault, and Derrida, has turned criticism into radical negation. Its goal is the dismantling of structures of belonging, such as family or tradition. Scruton emphasizes the difference between imagination and fantasy. Imagination idealizes the world to shape character, while fantasy—present in kitsch and pornography—offers only a simulacrum of emotion and instant gratification. Such aesthetics distract the mind, preventing the formation of deep moral judgment and responsibility for a shared heritage.

Beauty: A Metaphysical Signpost Toward Moral Order

Culture (from the Latin cultus) grows out of ritual. Rites of passage cement the community, protecting against the state of perpetual immaturity promoted by pop culture. Modern education, influenced by deconstruction, often abandons initiation into adulthood in favor of fluid identity. Scruton points to beauty as an ultimate value—a "gateway to the kingdom of ends" that creates a home for us in the world. In an era of institutional avant-garde, where transgression has become the new conformism, artists and the media have a duty to "educate the heart." They must take responsibility for the framework of meaning, avoiding cheap shock tactics. The survival of authentic values depends on the "culture of the catacombs"—enclaves that rebuild the symbolic home and root humanity in an ethical order.

Summary

In a world dominated by the "culture of repudiation," where transgression has become the new orthodoxy, we face the risk of losing our symbolic roots. Scruton reminds us that unrestrained freedom leads to isolation, and the deconstruction of everything ends in nihilism. The challenge is to find the way back to the "symbolic home" by cultivating beauty and form. In the pursuit of negation, are we losing the ability to build lasting meaning? High culture remains a school of courage that teaches us not only what to think, but above all: what to feel, so that our lives may regain their eternal significance.

📄 Full analysis available in PDF

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Roger Scruton's main thesis about high culture?
Scruton claims that in civilization, after religion, it is high culture that takes over the role of the sacred, restoring moral clarity and a sense of home to the world.
What is the difference between knowing “that” and “how” and knowing “why”?
Knowing “that” and “how” is scientific and technical information, while knowing “why” is a map of goals and a measure for feelings that is missing in the modern world.
What is “throwaway culture”?
It is a strategy of deconstructing and negating thought structures such as family and tradition, perceiving them solely as tools of oppression and power.
What role did Romanticism play in modernity according to Scruton?
Romanticism raised aesthetics to the altar, making it a substitute for religion and expressing melancholy for lost natural piety.
Why are kitsch and pornography considered dangerous?
Because they are a form of profanation, offering cheap simulacra of emotion and instant gratification instead of authentic character building.
What is the relationship between culture and cult?
Culture comes from cult (Latin cultura – cultivation, care), which means that at its source it is inextricably intertwined with ritual and religion.

Related Questions

Tags: Roger Scruton high culture modernity sacred throwaway culture enlightenment romanticism modernism secularization knowing what for ritual deconstruction daub profanation practical anthropology