Images as Activations: From Machine Realism to the PSYOP Society in Trevor Paglen's Perspective

🇵🇱 Polski
Images as Activations: From Machine Realism to the PSYOP Society in Trevor Paglen's Perspective

📚 Based on

How to See Like a Machine Images After AI
Verso Books
ISBN: 9781836742166

👤 About the Author

Trevor Paglen

Birmingham City University

Trevor Paglen (born 1974) is an American artist, geographer, and author whose multidisciplinary work explores mass surveillance, data collection, and the hidden infrastructures of power. He holds a B.A. in religious studies from the University of California, Berkeley, an M.F.A. from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, and a Ph.D. in geography from the University of California, Berkeley. Paglen is widely recognized for his conceptual approach to photography and investigative research, often making the "invisible" aspects of military and corporate systems visible. A recipient of the 2017 MacArthur Fellowship and the 2016 Deutsche Börse Photography Foundation Prize, he has exhibited his work internationally. His writing and artistic practice bridge the gap between social science, technology, and contemporary art, focusing on how machine vision and artificial intelligence shape human perception and society.

Introduction

Contemporary visual culture is undergoing a radical transformation. Images are ceasing to be mere representations of the world and are becoming tools for direct influence on our biological systems.

This text analyzes the concept of the PSY OP society, in which generative AI and algorithms hack human perception. You will learn how stimulus-images steer our emotions and why traditional content verification is no longer sufficient.

Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for maintaining cognitive autonomy in a world dominated by precise systems of affective manipulation.

From World Representation to Nervous System Activation

Traditionally, an image was a mirror of reality that prompted the question: "what does this represent?" The modern approach based on neural activations asks instead: "what does this trigger?" An image is no longer a passive record, but an event occurring within our nervous system.

The brain does not perceive the world directly; rather, it constructs it from stimuli and patterns. Contemporary media exploit this feature by creating pixel arrangements that bypass reflection and strike at primal biological reactions.

A prime example is generative AI, which does not paint pictures but produces visual triggers. It designs stimuli so that we experience something as authentic, regardless of whether the object actually exists in the physical world.

The Image as a Stimulus Hacking the Reward System

Modern media function like "mental Doritos." They do not provide cognitive value but optimize stimulation to hack the reward system. The image does not ask for understanding; it checks whether you will click.

Manipulation occurs at the neurological level by triggering rapid affects: fear, outrage, or envy. These systems exploit the fact that our bodies react faster than our reason, allowing behavior to be steered without the use of arguments.

An image serving cognition opens up an experience and requires time. A stimulus-image closes a reaction in a fraction of a second. In this way, the media infrastructure transforms the rational citizen into a reactive organism, susceptible to control via emotional points of viscosity.

Deepfakes as the Hijacking of Neurological Trust Shortcuts

A deepfake is not a simple forgery. It is a hijacking of the neurological shortcuts that lead us to trust a face and a voice before checking metadata. It attacks the primal layer of credibility by simulating the very sensation of an encounter.

The effectiveness of these tools stems from the asymmetry between the exhausted user and the optimization system. Algorithms measure our reactions in real-time and adjust stimuli to keep us trapped in an engagement loop.

This is how the PSY OP society emerges. It is not a conspiracy by a single group, but an environment where the logic of influence dominates over truth. Manipulation here consists of managing associations and building false worlds through the selection of images that align with our fears.

Summary

In a world where every pixel can be a precisely engineered impulse, freedom is no longer a matter of access to information. It becomes the right to opacity and the protection of one's own nervous system.

The only act of true resistance in an era of total optimization is the cultivation of silence and boredom. These are the only spaces where the brain ceases to be a predictable recipient of stimuli and recovers its own rhythm.

In a reality designed as an endless loop of reactions, will we still be able to find the time to simply think?

📖 Glossary

Maszynowy realizm
Sposób porządkowania świata przez systemy AI, który służy nie tyle opisowi rzeczywistości, co umożliwieniu zarządzania nią poprzez klasyfikację.
Obraz jako aktywacja
Koncepcja, w której obraz przestaje być lustrem świata (reprezentacją), a staje się zestawem bodźców wywołujących konkretne reakcje biologiczne i emocjonalne.
Pareidolia
Zdolność mózgu do rozpoznawania znanych wzorców (np. twarzy) w przypadkowych bodźcach, co pokazuje, że widzenie jest konstrukcją, a nie biernym odbiorem.
Neuroekonomia uwagi
Podejście do mediów, w którym treść nie służy przekazywaniu sensu, lecz optymalizacji stymulacji układu nagrody w celu maksymalizacji zaangażowania.
Indeks (fotografii)
Właściwość tradycyjnego zdjęcia jako fizycznego śladu obecności obiektu przed obiektywem, co gwarantowało jego status jako dowodu rzeczywistości.
Realizm krytyczny
Podejście analityczne odróżniające dokument od symulacji i rozumiejące obraz syntetyczny nie jako błąd, lecz jako symptom społeczny lub polityczny.

Frequently Asked Questions

How does the traditional understanding of an image as a representation of something differ from the modern approach based on neural activation?
The traditional understanding of an image treats it as a representation of reality and asks what a given image depicts and what meaning it holds. The modern approach is based on neural activation, in which the image is a set of stimuli triggering specific states in the nervous system, and the key question becomes what it activates.
How do contemporary images and media manipulate the recipient at a biological level?
Modern media manipulate the recipient by hacking their reward system and targeting reactive layers of the psyche using stimuli designed to maximize stimulation. Instead of building understanding, they optimize emotional arousal (e.g., fear or anger), which allows them to bypass reflection and treat the human being as a reactive organism.
Why are deepfakes and generative images so effective at manipulating us, even if we know they exist?
Deepfakes exploit neurological trust shortcuts, striking primitive anchors of credibility such as face and voice. They operate through the rapid activation of bodily reactions before the conscious interpretation of content, simulating styles and conventions that appear as truth in the eyes of the recipient.
How do contemporary generative images and recommendation algorithms affect the emotions and perception of reality of the recipient?
Generative images act as a laboratory for future reactions, testing recipients' susceptibility to specific scenarios and shaping their emotions. Recommendation algorithms use so-called 'stickiness points' to 'tune' the user through precise stimulus matching, which can lead to the consolidation of certain states—such as anger, fear, or envy—as default ways of interpreting the world.
What is the difference between an image serving cognition and an image designed as a stimulus to control our behavior?
An image serving cognition aims to inform, increase understanding, and open up experience. Conversely, an image designed as a behavioral control stimulus seeks to replace thinking with an immediate reaction and close the process within predictable engagement.
How can human cognitive autonomy be protected in a world where images are designed as precise stimuli controlling the nervous system?
Protecting cognitive autonomy requires introducing regulations for the stimulus industry and a new form of media education focused on recognizing one's own affective reactions. Key to this is attentional asceticism and cognitive hygiene, consisting of maintaining vigilance toward content perfectly tailored to our emotions and expectations.
What exactly is a PSYOP society, and is there a single, central controlling group behind it?
A PSYOP society is an environment in which media are used to precisely manipulate perception to gain strategic or economic advantage. It is not driven by a single controlling group or central command, but rather by the infrastructure and convergence of interests of many entities, such as digital platforms, politicians, and advertisers.
How does a PSYOP society differ from traditional propaganda and marketing?
A PSYOP society differs from traditional forms of influence in the degree to which its goals are hidden, the exploitation of vulnerabilities, and the design of communication based on reaction logic rather than a pursuit of truth. It relies on association management and the micro-targeting of stimuli toward specific fears or the recipient's status, in contrast to old propaganda that used broad messaging.
How do AI systems and algorithms translate user data into effective manipulation of their beliefs?
AI systems first classify the user, assigning them to a specific category based on their data and fears, and then select stimuli that hit their sensitive points. Instead of imposing new beliefs, algorithms reinforce existing emotions and tendencies, gradually hardening them by providing content that confirms the recipient's correctness.
How is the concept of authority and truth changing in a world of deepfakes and systemic psychological operations?
In the era of deepfakes, authority shifts from verifiable facts to the credibility of the sender ("The Voice"), which can lead to tribal authoritarianism where loyalty replaces truth. To counteract this, authority must be based not on a cult of personality, but on transparent procedures and methodological distrust, which prioritizes the examination of sources and context over paranoia.
How does modern image manipulation use real emotions and facts to control people?
Modern manipulation does not create pain from scratch; instead, it preys on real problems and authentic emotions, attaching foreign interests to them. It uses true facts stripped of proportion or context to transform them into a controllable affect and lead the recipient toward predictable conclusions.
How do generative images of violence and the attention economy affect contemporary politics, and how can one defend against them?
Contemporary politics utilizes synthetic images of violence and the attention economy to manage citizens' affect and keep them in a state of permanent mobilization. Defense against this phenomenon requires reaction hygiene at the individual level as well as institutional solutions, such as labeling synthetic content, algorithm audits, transparency in political advertising, and support for media education.
How can we defend ourselves against manipulation in a PSYOP society, and what makes us susceptible to it?
Susceptibility to manipulation stems from a lack of trust in institutions, loneliness, personal cognitive weaknesses, and the need for tribal comfort. Defense requires improving the quality of the state, science, and media, as well as developing a critical approach based on analyzing the infrastructure of images and examining the emotions they are intended to evoke.
What does the death of photography mean in the context of generative artificial intelligence?
The death of photography in a metaphysical sense is the end of the presumption that a photo is a physical trace of reality. Generative AI destroys the status of photography as an index, because it allows for the creation of images that look like photos but were not produced by light contacting a recording surface.
How do generative images change the function of the archive and influence our perception of future events?
Generative images change the function of the archive from an institution preserving traces of the past into a warehouse of visual proposals of what is possible. They influence the perception of future events by familiarizing audiences with potential scenarios and preparing their imagination so that real facts become merely the fulfillment of previously presented possibilities.
How does generative artificial intelligence affect our ability to prove the truth and hold perpetrators accountable?
Generative AI leads to a crisis of visual evidence, enabling perpetrators to dismiss real recordings as deepfakes—a phenomenon known as the 'liar's dividend.' This erodes the conditions for accountability and may promote impunity; therefore, it is necessary to shift trust from the appearance of an image to a rigorous verification infrastructure and chain of custody.
How does generative artificial intelligence affect our ability to imagine the future?
Generative AI affects our ability to imagine the future by automating it and basing it on the recycling of past data. Instead of creating new quality, these systems generate statistical compositions of already known patterns, leading to a conservatism of imagination and the reproduction of entrenched biases and styles.
How does a contemporary generative image differ from traditional photography in the context of conveying truth and exercising power?
Traditional photography was a trace of the world and could lie through selection and description, whereas a generative image produces stimuli without contact with reality. Instead of documenting facts, the modern synthetic image reveals the power structures, fantasies, and stereotypes of the systems that produced it.
How should we interpret images in a world where the boundary between document and simulation has vanished?
In a world where the boundary between document and simulation is blurred, a new critical realism should be applied to distinguish an image documenting an event from a synthetic construction. This requires consciously setting boundaries in image creation and taking responsibility for their real social and emotional effects.
How can we maintain cognitive autonomy and truth in a post-photographic world where images have become operational tools?
This requires a coalition of legal, technological, and political competencies and the building of a trust infrastructure instead of relying on single detections. A new form of education is essential—one that teaches critical viewing, understanding the intentions of creators, and distinguishing visibility from truth.

🧠 Thematic Groups

Tags: machine realism PSYOP society neural activations generative artificial intelligence visual triggers neuroeconomics of attention deepfake recommendation loop critical realism trust infrastructure simulations of documentability conditions the right to opacity attention economy post-photography