Life in Entanglement: The Physics of Existence according to Karmela Padavic-Callaghan

🇵🇱 Polski
Life in Entanglement: The Physics of Existence according to Karmela Padavic-Callaghan

📚 Based on

Entangled States ()
Beacon Press
ISBN: 9780807016985

👤 About the Author

Karmela Padavic-Callaghan

New Scientist

Karmela Padavic-Callaghan (born 1991, Croatia) is a physicist, science journalist, and educator based in New York City. They hold a PhD in theoretical condensed matter physics and atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, as well as a B.A. in physics and a B.S. in mathematics from the University of Chicago. Currently a staff writer at New Scientist, they report on quantum technology, materials science, and physics. Previously, they served as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Science at Bard High School Early College Manhattan. Their work, including their debut book Entangled States: A Life According to Quantum Physics (2026), explores the intersection of physics, personal identity, and the human experience, drawing on their background as a queer, nonbinary scientist.

Introduction

This article analyzes the human condition through the lens of quantum physics, treating it as a language for describing existence. Using the biography of Karmela Padavic-Callaghan as an example, the text demonstrates that a human being is an entangled entity who cannot be confined to simple categories.

The reader will discover how concepts such as superposition and entropy help in understanding identity, emigration, and queerness. The text deconstructs the myth of meritocracy and shows that our ambiguities are the source of a true resilience against reduction.

Narrative Gives Meaning to Raw Information

Memory serves to store data, whereas narrative gives that data meaning. This distinction is crucial for identity, as human beings do not live in a laboratory truth, but in a lived truth.

Memories are often distorted by fear or the need for protection. An example is a family anecdote about the war in Croatia, where humor filters out the horror. Such inaccuracy is not a lie, but a survival mechanism.

Through narration, we can bear the weight of a life that facts alone cannot explain. Storytelling allows us to remain ourselves, even as the definition of that "self" shifts with every passing decade.

Quantum Physics as a Rigorous Language of Human Complexity

The framework of quantum physics allows us to perceive identity not as a static record, but as a dynamic process. In contrast to rigid facts, these scientific concepts teach humility in the face of the complexity of being.

The concept of superposition perfectly describes the experience of emigration and queerness. A person in this state is not unambiguous; they exist simultaneously in multiple versions until an external system forces a single answer.

Physics helps us understand that professional or personal failures are not merely individual errors. They are the result of the entanglement of decisions with systemic and economic barriers, which undermines the belief in pure meritocracy.

The Violence of Linear Questions Regarding Ambiguity

Social systems enforce conformity to simple categories through questions such as "where are you really from?" or "who are you?". Such questions act like a wave function collapse, destroying the richness of human states.

Attempting to unequivocally classify an emigrant or a non-binary person is a form of cognitive violence. Institutions prefer "checkboxes" on forms over the metaphysics of human existence, leading to the exclusion of non-normative individuals.

The response to this reductionism is the adoption of a quantum perspective. This allows us to recognize non-binarity and ambiguity as natural characteristics of matter and spirit, rather than defects in need of repair.

Summary

A human being is not an isolated particle, but an event within a network of relationships. True identity is born from the acceptance of loss, corrections, and the inevitable irreversibility of time.

The greatest irony is that it is precisely our cracks and measurement errors that make us resistant to reduction. The fullness of humanity begins where the possibility of being unambiguous ends.

📖 Glossary

Splątanie (Entanglement)
Zjawisko kwantowe, w którym cząstki są ze sobą powiązane niezależnie od odległości; w tekście metafora głębokich relacji i zależności między człowiekiem a środowiskiem.
Superpozycja
Zdolność układu do znajdowania się w wielu stanach jednocześnie do momentu pomiaru; tutaj odnosi się do wielowymiarowości tożsamości emigranta lub osoby niebinarnej.
Dekoherencja
Proces utraty właściwości kwantowych przez układ pod wpływem otoczenia; w eseju symbolizuje moment, w którym złożona tożsamość zostaje sprowadzona do jednej, prostej etykiety.
Całka po trajektoriach
Koncepcja fizyczna zakładająca sumowanie wszystkich możliwych dróg między punktami; metafora życia jako sumy nie tylko podjętych, ale i nieobranych ścieżek.
Redukcja funkcji falowej
Przejście układu z superpozycji do jednego konkretnego stanu w wyniku obserwacji; analogia do narzucania jednoznacznej odpowiedzi na pytanie o pochodzenie lub tożsamość.
Nieokreślona przyczynowość
Podejście odrzucające linearny łańcuch przyczyna-skutek na rzecz chmury relacji, gdzie zdarzenie jest wypadkową wielu czynników systemowych i osobistych.
Entropia
Miara nieuporządkowania układu; w tekście 'entropia niewinności' oznacza nieodwracalny proces zdobywania wiedzy, która zmienia postrzeganie świata.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between memory and narrative, and why is this significant for understanding human identity?
Memory serves to store information, whereas narrative gives that information meaning, often at the expense of precision. The difference between them is crucial for understanding human identity and biography because a person does not live in laboratory truth, but in livable truth.
How does the apparatus of quantum physics help in understanding the nature of human memory and identity as opposed to a simple recording of facts?
The apparatus of quantum physics serves to highlight the contrast between fragile machine memory, which requires isolation, and human biography, which draws strength from interaction and deformation. Unlike the recording of facts, human memory does not strive for archival fidelity; rather, it is a survival mechanism and the art of remaining oneself despite the passage of time.
What questions does the system ask to force a person to fit into simple categories?
The system asks about the reasons for departure, the decision to leave academia, and the lack of care for one's health. It also asks why the body does not fit the definition, why memory does not align with the document, and why the person is not more grateful, stable, or compliant with expectations.
Why can the experience of emigration be compared to a state of superposition in quantum physics?
The experience of emigration resembles superposition because the person exists in a state of 'betweenness' – they are no longer entirely in their country of origin, but are not yet fully integrated into the new place. Such an identity is characterized by deep indeterminacy and the simultaneous coexistence of many different roles and contexts.
How do concepts of quantum physics help in understanding human identity and life failures in contrast to rigid social norms?
Quantum physics concepts, such as wave-particle duality, allow one to perceive the ambiguity of identity as a natural feature of being rather than a defect when faced with rigid social norms. Meanwhile, path integrals and the many-worlds interpretation help in understanding life and failures not as a single line of errors, but as the sum of possible paths and alternative experiences.
Why is reducing life to individual agency and success erroneous, and what actually shapes a human being?
Reducing life to individual agency is erroneous because a person does not act in a vacuum, but is an event within a network of interactions and a field of familial, economic, institutional, and historical forces. Therefore, a person is shaped by the system of social relations, environment, time, and irreversible experiences.
Why does the author combine science with storytelling, and what does the statement that a human being is an entangled state mean?
The author combines science with storytelling because science provides discipline toward reality and facts, while narrative gives meaning to experience; only together do they create mature knowledge. The statement that a human being is an entangled state means that one is not a pure 'I', but a system of relations that cannot be described in isolation from other elements, such as family, history, or language.
How can the experience of emigration and origin be described using concepts from quantum physics?
Emigration can be described as a state of superposition, in which a person is suspended between their country of birth and the country of measurement, existing in multiple states simultaneously. This process ends through 'measurement'—for example, in the form of a question about origin or the noticing of an accent—which reduces this superposition and forces the assignment of the individual to a specific category.
What is the specificity of the identity of an emigrating person in the context of superposition and memory?
The identity of an emigrating person is a state of superposition, where the individual does not stand between two worlds, but is the movement between them. This specificity is linked to memory, which modifies the image of both the country of origin and the destination, making the emigrant the sole archivist of their own continuity in the face of different versions of themselves known to others.
How do the experiences of emigration and queerness connect with the concept of superposition in the context of defining one's own identity?
The experiences of emigration and queerness are linked through the compulsion to explain one's own non-obviousness and the challenging of naturalized categories of identity. The concept of superposition allows identity to be treated as a dynamics of states, meaning that a person does not have to reduce their complexity to a single classical property or someone else's definition.
How do the reality of scientific work and the experience of emigration confront the idealistic vision of physics with human complexity?
The idealistic vision of physics as pure order clashes with the institutional economy of survival, in which scientists face systemic exhaustion and a lack of resources. The experience of emigration intensifies this conflict, tearing the individual away from previous relationships and irreversibly altering their identity.
Why do contemporary social systems and institutions fail to cope with people of complex identity?
Social systems and institutions strive for the rapid measurement and labeling of people, forcing them into unambiguous answers and coherent narratives for easier control. People with complex identities are marginalized or deemed 'difficult' by these systems because they do not fit into primitive social models based on myths of stability and one-dimensionality.
Why is emigration an appropriate example to illustrate the complexity of human identity and the impossibility of simplifying it?
Emigration concentrates historical, class, cultural, and bodily dimensions within a single life, shattering the illusion of a single, stable 'self'. It shows that identity is a system of losses and adjustments in which contradictory emotions and different versions of oneself coexist, making an unambiguous and simple description of a person impossible.
Why is the attempt to unambiguously classify a human being by culture and social systems a form of violence?
The compulsion to unambiguously classify a human being through social systems is a form of violence because it simplifies states that cannot be reduced without losing the truth about the person. The social world imposes rigid roles and categories, pretending to merely read nature, while in reality, it directs it and disguises custom as a law of nature.
How do concepts of quantum mechanics help in understanding queer and non-binary identity?
Concepts of quantum mechanics, such as wave-particle duality, provide a language to describe queer and non-binary identities without a sense of defect, showing that reality does not have to be subject to a binary alternative. This analogy teaches humility toward rigid social categories and suggests that identity is not a fixed label, but a process of becoming.
How do the body and non-binary identity relate to culturally imposed gender roles and the apparatus of quantum physics?
The body and non-binary identity manifest through physicality, movement, and resistance, rejecting cultural projects of masculinity and femininity as limiting prisons. Wave-particle duality from quantum physics serves as a symbol of opposition to binary divisions, confirming the reality of non-binary people despite their inconsistency with classical social categories.
Why is appealing to common sense regarding gender identity misleading, and how do systemic categories influence the perception of a human being?
Appealing to common sense is misleading because it relies on quick interpretations and cultural filters rather than an objective view of facts. Systemic categories are useful administrative tools; however, they become harmful when treated as absolute truths about a person instead of simplified shortcuts.
How do bodily experience and physical activity help a non-normative person reclaim their subjectivity in the face of systemic expectations?
Bodily experience and physical activity, such as boxing, allow a non-normative person to stop being an object of interpretation and become a source of action and power generation. Consequently, the body ceases to be a product meeting systemic expectations and becomes a place for reclaiming agency and an anti-disciplinary practice.
Why is the pursuit of being oneself and the recognition of identity complexity a difficult process, and why does society resist such complications?
The pursuit of being oneself is difficult because it often requires years of work to untangle others' expectations and involves a high social cost, such as the loss of security or community. Society resists the complexity of identity because it employs cognitive violence and reductionism, which serve those for whom the world is already aligned in their favor.
Why are traditional categories of identity insufficient for describing non-normative people, and what role does the language of physics play here?
Traditional categories are insufficient because they rely on overly simple labels and binaries that cannot describe identity as a dynamic process or a state of superposition. The language of physics serves as a cognitive scaffold, offering precise imagery (e.g., wave-particle duality) that allows for an understanding of the complexity and contradictions of non-normative people without treating them as malfunctions.
How does the author understand the influence of decisions and random events on the formation of identity?
Identity is shaped through correlation with family, institutions, and the body, as well as through specific decisions and random events. Every life contains potential versions that depend on whether a given event—such as an illness, a trip, or an educational choice—took place.
How can the concept of non-binary help in understanding the complexity of every human being, regardless of their gender identity?
The concept of non-binary serves as a general model for human life, indicating that every person is too complex to fit into simple divisions such as success and failure or victim and perpetrator. It allows one to perceive the truth about the entangled nature of identity and reject the reduction of the individual to rigid categories and the dogma of simplicity.
Why does success in the world of science not depend solely on the researcher's talent and hard work?
Success in science does not depend solely on talent and work because the laboratory does not exist in a vacuum, but is part of a system with its own hierarchies and selection mechanisms. A researcher's path is influenced by 'dirty infrastructure,' such as financial precarity, grant dependencies, and social conditions.
Why is attributing the blame for life crises to only one cause (e.g., an individual's error or systemic flaws) incorrect?
Attributing blame to only one cause is incorrect because life crises result from a weave of many coexisting factors, such as individual errors, systemic flaws, economic conditions, and relational dynamics. Focusing on a single aspect leads to intellectual forgery—either masking social blindness and systemic guilt or stripping the individual of their agency.
Is making sense of professional failure a form of rationalizing harm, or a way to reclaim subjectivity?
Making sense of professional failure is neither a rationalization of harm nor a justification of an unfair system, but a way to reclaim subjectivity. It is an act of stripping institutions of the right to define a person's life as waste and taking control over the interpretation of one's own experiences.
How does a quantum approach to life allow for a different understanding of individual responsibility when faced with systemic inequalities?
This approach introduces layered thinking, in which individual responsibility coexists with systemic influence, avoiding the extremes of moralism and determinism. It assumes that a human being is agentic but not sovereign, meaning they are responsible for their decisions, although they did not always design the traps in which an error became probable.
Why does refusing to identify with the result of an external measurement and adopting a quantum physics perspective allow for a fuller understanding of human identity than a linear narrative of success or failure?
Refusing to identify with an external measurement avoids reducing a person's value to a single outcome or a linear narrative of success and failure. The perspective of quantum physics offers a more precise description of identity as an entangled state, in which various life trajectories coexist alongside the influence of multiple factors: systemic, personal, and accidental.

🧠 Thematic Groups

Tags: life in entanglement the physics of existence quantum mechanics and identity superposition of identity memory decoherence indeterminate causality path integral wave function collapse topology of responsibility academic meritocracy wave-particle duality entropy of innocence entangled state of relations quantum biography